Skip to main content

Table 2 Pedicle screw placement accuracy among three insertion techniques

From: Rates and risk factors of intrapedicular accuracy and cranial facet joint violation among robot-assisted, fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous, and freehand techniques in pedicle screw fixation of thoracolumbar fractures: a comparative cohort study

Screw position, n (%)

RA

FP

FH

P valuea

RA vs FP

RA vs FH

FP vs FH

A

149 (94.3)

61 (78.2)

180 (88.7)

 < 0.001

0.062

0.025

B

5 (3.2)

12 (15.4)

17 (8.4)

0.001

0.040

0.084

A + B

154 (97.5)

73 (93.6)

197 (97.0)

0.270

1.000

0.068

C

2 (1.3)

5 (6.4)

3 (1.5)

0.075

1.000

0.082

D

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

2 (1.0)

1.000

1.000

1.000

E

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

1 (0.5)

1.000

1.000

1.000

Total

158 (100)

82 (100)

203 (100)

   
  1. RA, robot-assisted; FP, fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous; FH, freehand
  2. aThe significance level was adjusted as 0.0167 with Bonfferoni correction