Table 1 Univariate analysis of clinical and intraoperative factors associated with the development of delayed gastric emptying. (N = 827)
DGE N = 142 (17.2%) | No DGE N = 685(82.8%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (Male/ Female) | 62/80 | 292/393 | 0.821 |
Age (years, median, IQR) | 63(55–70) | 62(52–68) | 0.059 |
BMI (kg/m2, median, IQR) | 22.0(20.3–23.9) | 22.2(20.2–24.0) | 0.763 |
Hypertension | 33(23.2%) | 115(16.8%) | 0.068 |
Diabetes mellitus | 19(13.4%) | 81(11.8%) | 0.605 |
Smoking history | 40(28.2%) | 165(24.1%) | 0.305 |
History of alcohol intake | 21(14.8%) | 102(14.9%) | 0.975 |
History of abdominal surgery History of gastrointestinal surgery | 12(8.5%) 3(2.1%) | 79(11.5%) 14(2.0%) | 0.285 1.000 |
Preoperative jaundice | 54(38.0%) | 203(29.6%) | 0.049 |
Preoperative biliary drainage | 36(25.4%) | 112(16.4%) | 0.011 |
Tumor locations | |||
Bile duct Pancreas Ampulla Duodenum | 41(28.9%) 65(45.8%) 21(14.8%) 15(10.5%) | 179(26.1) 340(49.6) 100(14.6) 66(9.7%) | 0.501 0.402 0.953 0.735 |
Indications for surgery | |||
Benign/ Malignant | 37/105 | 213/472 | 0.234 |
ASA score ≥ 3 | 54(38.0%) | 235(34.3%) | 0.335 |
Pancreatic texture(soft/hard) | 61/81 | 331/354 | 0.244 |
Pylorus preserving | 132(93.0%) | 651(95.0%) | 0.315 |
Combined organ resection | 6(4.2%) | 20(2.9%) | 0.584 |
Vascular resection and reconstruction Side wall End to end Vascular grafts | 26(18.3%) 7(4.9%) 5(3.5%) 14(9.9%) | 89(13.0%) 65(9.5%) 17(2.5%) 7(1.0%) | 0.096 0.079 0.679 < 0.001 |
Perioperative transfusion | 21(14.8%) | 90(13.1%) | 0.604 |
Blood loss (ml, median, IQR) | 175.0(100.0-365.0) | 120.0(100.0-200.0) | 0.001 |
Operative time (min, median, IQR)) | 370.0 (283.8-441.3) | 330.0(273.0-401.5) | 0.014 |