Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in different postoperative delirium groups (n = 300)
Characteristic | Total (n = 300) | Non-POD (n = 231) | POD (n = 69) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | ||||
 Age [years, mean(SD)] | 67.1 (4.6) | 67.0 (4.3) | 67.5 (5.4) | 0.875 |
 Gender, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.006 |
  Male | 157 (52.3%) | 131 (83.4%) | 26 (16.6%) |  |
  Female | 143 (47.7%) | 100 (69.9%) | 43 (30.1%) |  |
 Classification of disease, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.259 |
  Craniocerebral injury | 3 (1.0%) | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) |  |
  Cerebrovascular diseases | 65 (21.7%) | 59 (90.8%) | 6 (9.2%) |  |
  Brain tumour | 156 (52.0%) | 109 (69.9%) | 47 (30.1%) |  |
  Cerebral hemorrhage | 3 (1.0%) | 3 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
  Functional neurosurgical diseases | 36 (12.0%) | 28 (77.8%) | 8 (22.2%) |  |
  Other diseases | 37 (12.3%) | 30 (81.1%) | 7 (18.9%) |  |
 Preoperative pain, n (%) |  |  |  |  |
  Mild | 215 (71.7%) | 166 (77.2%) | 49 (22.8%) | 0.770 |
  Moderate | 80 (26.6%) | 63 (78.8%) | 17 (21.3%) |  |
  Severe | 5 (1.7%) | 2 (40.0%) | 3 (60.0%) |  |
 Smoke history, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.231 |
  No | 204 (68.0%) | 153 (75.0%) | 51 (25.0%) |  |
  Yes | 96 (32.0%) | 78 (81.3%) | 18 (18.7%) |  |
 Drink history, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.064 |
  No | 189(63.0%) | 139 (73.5%) | 50 (26.5%) |  |
  Yes | 111 (37.0%) | 92 (82.9%) | 19 (17.1%) |  |
 Comorbidity, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.556 |
  No | 191 (63.7%) | 145 (75.9%) | 46 (24.1%) |  |
  Yes | 109 (36.3%) | 86 (78.9%) | 23 (21.1%) |  |
Clinical data | ||||
 Preoperative frailty, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  No | 217 (72.3%) | 197 (90.8%) | 20 (9.2%) |  |
  Yes | 83 (27.7%) | 34 (41.0%) | 49 (59.0%) |  |
 Preoperative anxiety,n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  No | 161 (53.7%) | 137 (85.1%) | 24 (14.9%) |  |
  Suspicious | 56 (18.7%) | 43 (76.8%) | 13 (23.2%) |  |
  Yes | 83 (27.3%) | 51 (61.4%) | 32 (38.6%) |  |
 Preoperative depressed, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.005 |
  No | 167 (55.7%) | 138 (82.6%) | 29 (17.4%) |  |
  Suspicious | 46 (15.3%) | 35 (76.1%) | 11 (23.9%) |  |
  Yes | 87 (29.0%) | 58 (66.7%) | 29 (33.3%) |  |
BMI [Kg/m2, mean(SD)] | 23.7 (3.4) | 24.2 (3.3) | 21.8 (3.3) |  < 0.001 |
Preoperative albumin [g/L, mean(SD)] | 40.3 (3.8) | 40.7 (3.6) | 39.0 (4.5) | 0.010 |
Preoperative hemoglobin [g/L, mean(SD)] | 132.8 (17.4) | 134.1 (15.7) | 128.4 (21.7) | 0.019 |
Preoperative white blood cells [109/L, mean(SD)] | 6.1 (1.9) | 6.1 (1.7) | 6.4 (2.5) | 0.866 |
 Preoperative ASA grading, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  Level I-II | 226 (75.3%) | 190 (84.1%) | 36 (15.9%) |  |
  Level III-V | 74 (24.7%) | 41 (55.4%) | 33 (44.6%) |  |
 Type of anesthesia, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.901 |
  Local anesthesia | 25 (8.3%) | 19 (76.0%) | 6 (24.0%) |  |
  General anesthesia | 275 (91.7%) | 212 (77.1%) | 63 (22.9%) |  |
  Operative duration [min, mean(SD)] | 252.0 (135.0) | 225.9 (119.9) | 339.6 (146.2) |  < 0.001 |
Health outcome | ||||
 Postoperative complications, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  I-II grade | 218 (72.7%) | 185 (84.9%) | 33 (15.1%) |  |
  III-V grade | 82 (27.3%) | 46 (56.1%) | 36 (43.9%) |  |
  Length of hospital stay [days, mean(SD)] | 18.0 (7.2) | 16.3 (6.3) | 23.7 (7.1) |  < 0.001 |
  Hospitalization cost [RMB/Ten thousand yuan), mean(SD)] | 7.6 (3.9) | 6.7 (3.2) | 10.6 (4.6) |  < 0.001 |