Fig. 1

Anatomical structure of perforators. (A): 2 perforators run perpendicular to the surface of the deep fascia, which can be primarily or microdissected thinned; (B): Perforators run at a 45-degree angle to the fascia, primary thinning with skin islands larger than 4 cm; (C): The perforator at the distal end of the descending branch runs at an angle less than 45 degrees and no thinning were acquired; (D): oblique branch of LCFA and runs at an angle of 20 degrees, no thinning were acquired. (DB: Descending branch of the LCFA, OB: oblique branch of the LCFA, P: perforator, white arrow - direction of vessel flow, black arrow – indication of the vessel)