Table 1 Patient characteristics and perioperative outcomes

Preoperative factors

 Age, years^a

69.0 [59.0, 75.0]

 Male, gender^b

262 (63.4%)

 ASA-PS, n (1/2/3/4)

48/339/26/0

Child–Pugh classification^b

 A

392 (94.9)

 B

18 (4.4)

 C

3 (0.7)

 MELD score^a

6.76 [6.20, 7.70]

 ALBI score^a

 − 2.52 [− 2.78, − 2.25]

 mALBI grade, n (1/2a/2b/3)

171/135/95/12

 ICG-R15, %^a

11.9 [7.8, 17.5]

 LHL15^a

0.92 [0.90, 0.94]

Esophagogastric varices^b

 ( −)

352 (85.2)

 ( +)

61 (14.8)

Intraoperative factors

 Approach^b

 Open

125 (30.3)

 Laparoscopic

237 (57.4)

 Robotic

51 (12.3)

Extent of hepatectomy^b

 Hr0

188 (45.5)

 HrS

83 (20.1)

 Hr1

69 (16.7)

 Hr2

64 (15.5)

 Hr3

9 (2.2)

Major hepatectomy^b

 No

271 (65.6)

 Yes

142 (34.4)

 Operation time, min^a

534.0 [360.0, 692.0]

 Blood loss, mL^a

220.0 [75.0, 640.0]

 LOS, day^a

15.0 [11.0, 20.0]

Pathological diagnosis^b

 HCC

208 (50.4)

 CCC

21 (5.1)

 Metastatic

150 (36.3)

 Gallbladder cancer

2 (0.5)

 FNH

4 (1.0)

 Others^c

28 (6.8)

Postoperative factors

 Morbidity^b

  IIIA > 

371 (89.8)

  IIIA ≤ 

42 (10.2)

 PHLF^b

  ( +)

66 (16.0)

  A

20 (4.8)

  B

44 (10.7)

  C

2 (0.5)