Table 2 Relationship between perioperative factors and PHLF

n (%)

347(84)

66 (16)

Age, years^a

69.0 [58.0, 75.0]

72.0 [63.3, 75.8]

0.031

Gender^b

0.026

 Male

212 (61.1)

50 (75.8)

 Female

135 (38.9)

16 (24.2)

ASA-PS^b

0.306

 1

43 (12.4)

5 (7.6)

 2

280 (80.7)

59 (89.7)

 3

24 (6.9)

2 (3.0)

Approach^b

0.667

 Open

102 (29.4)

23 (34.8)

 Laparoscopic

201 (57.9)

36 (54.5)

 Robotic

44 (12.7)

7 (10.6)

Child–Pugh classification

0.349

 A

331 (95.4)

61 (92.4)

 B

14 (4.0)

4 (6.1)

 C

2 (0.6)

1 (1.5)

 MELD score

6.76 [6.09, 7.50]

7.40 [6.65, 8.42]

 < 0.001

 ALBI score^a

 − 2.57 [− 2.82, − 2.32]

 − 2.28 [− 2.52, − 1.99]

 < 0.001

mALBI grade^b

 < 0.001

 1

161 (46.4)

10 (15.2)

 2a

112 (32.3)

23 (34.8)

 2b

65 (18.7)

30 (45.5)

 3

9 (2.6)

3 (4.5)

 ICG-R15,%^a

11.4 [7.6, 16.0]

19.2 [10.4, 30.6]

 < 0.001

 LHL15^a

0.93 [0.90, 0.94]

0.91 [0.87, 0.93]

0.002

Esophagogastric varices^b

 < 0.001

 ( −)

311 (89.6)

41 (62.1)

 ( +)

36 (10.4)

25 (37.9)

Major hepatectomy

0.048

 No

235 (67.7)

36 (54.5)

 Yes

112 (32.3)

30 (45.5)

Operation time, min^b

510.0 [345.5, 641.5]

713.0 [ 491.3, 898.5]

 < 0.001

 Blood loss, mL^b

185.0 [61.0, 546.5]

639.0 [216.3, 1279.3]

 < 0.001