Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes before/after 20 cases

Number of pancreaticoduodenectomies

263

71

Age y, median (IQR)

69 (62-76)

71 (63-76)

0.547

Sex

 Female, n (%)

100 (38)

37 (52)

0.032

 Male, n (%)

163 (62)

34 (48)

BMI kg/m² (IQR)

22 (20-25)

22 (20-24)

0.612

Disease

 PDAC, n (%)

81 (31)

32 (45)

0.024

 Others, n (%)

182 (69)

39 (55)

Preoperative biliary drainage yes, n (%)

108 42)

36 (50)

0.175

Combined vascular resection yes, n (%)

40 (15)

14 (20)

0.388

Operative time min, median (IQR)

461 (402-523)

425 (382-491)

0.021

Blood loss ml, median (IQR)

470 (250-779)

340 (200-560)

0.038

Blood transfusion n (%)

30 (11)

2 (3)

0.029

Hospital deaths n (%)

4 (1.5)

1 (1.4)

0.945

Surgical complications of Clavien-Dindo ≥IIIa

All

140 (53)

34 (48)

0.424

 POPF ≥ grade B, n (%)

80 (30)

16 (23)

0.193

 DGE, n (%)

21 (8)

8 (11)

0.383

 SSI, n (%)

20 (8)

3 (4)

0.318

 Bile leak, n (%)

11 (4)

2 (3)

0.598

 Abdominal bleeding, n (%)

6 (2)

0 (0)

0.199

LOS days, median (IQR)

28 (22-38)

24 (19-39)

0.141