Table 4 Comparison of surgical outcomes and primary diseases before/after 20 cases for PDAC, other malignant tumors, and benign or low-malignant diseases

Number of pancreaticoduodenectomies

81

100

82

32

19

20

Age y, median (IQR)

70 (65-76)

71 (62-77)

66 (59-72)

0.003

72 (65-76)

74 (65-79)

66 (59-72)

0.022

Sex

 Female, n (%)

33 (41)

39 (39)

28 (34)

0.665

19 (59)

11 (58)

7 (35)

0.194

 Male, n (%)

48 (59)

61 (61)

54 (66)

13 (41)

8 (42)

13 (65)

BMI kg/m² (IQR)

22 (20-25)

22 (21-24)

22 (21-25)

0.752

21 (19-23)

22 (21-25)

23 (22-24)

0.038

Preoperative biliary drainage yes, n (%)

42 (52)

64 (64)

2 (3)

<0.001

21 (66)

14 (74)

1 (5)

<0.001

Combined vascular resection yes, n (%)

31 (38)

7 (7)

2 (3)

<0.001

14 (44)

0 (0)

0 (0)

<0.001

Operative time min, median (IQR)

486 (430-544)

472 (410-532)

429 (378-477)

<0.001

430 (397-494)

445 (375-471)

410 (337-458)

0.328

Blood loss ml, median (IQR)

500 (303-840)

502 (280-884)

355 (140-578)

<0.001

345 (205-568)

400 (215-550)

315 (81-618)

0.642

Blood transfusion n (%)

9 (11)

18 (18)

3 (4)

0.010

1 (3)

1 (5)

0 (0)

0.089

Hospital deaths n (%)

4 (5)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.010

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (5)

0.274

Surgical complications of Clavien-Dindo ≥ IIIa

All

35 (43)

62 (62)

43 (52)

0.041

13 (41)

9 (47)

12 (60)

0.396

POPF ≥ grade B, n (%)

14 (17)

38 (38)

28 (4)

0.007

4 (3)

6 (32)

6 (30)

0.185

DGE, n (%)

8 (10)

7 (7)

6 (7)

0.750

4 (13)

2 (11)

2 (10)

0.955

SSI, n (%)

3 (4)

15 (15)

2 (2)

0.002

2 (6)

0 (0)

1 (5)

0.551

Bile leak, n (%)

2 (2)

4 (4)

5 (6)

0.509

1 (3)

0 (0)

1 (5)

0.634

Abdominal bleeding, n (%)

0 (0)

4 (4)

2 (2)

0.199

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

LOS days, median (IQR)

28 (18-389)

30 (24-41)

26 (20-35)

0.062

23 (17-32)

33 (6-41)

25 (18-33)

0.043