Fig. 1

Included: 126 patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary nodules ablation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from April 2020 to April 2024. Excluded: patients with poor coagulation function, pregnancy, or other contraindications to puncture; patients experiencing severe pulmonary hemorrhage, progressive hemothorax, or ablation needle breakage during the ablation process that necessitated emergency surgery; patients unable to communicate and cooperate normally during the procedure; patients with other severe somatic diseases; and patients with an expected survival of less than three months after the ablation