Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Country | Date range | Participants | Treatment | Design | No. of subject | Age | Sex (Male/Female) | BMI | Risk of bias assessment tool (RCTs) or NOS (observational) | Outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
tTXA | ivTXA | tTXA | ivTXA | tTXA | ivTXA | tTXA | ivTXA | ||||||||
Arun-Kumar 2021 | India | 2017.10-2018.08 | Lumbar fusion | 1 g TXA + 100 mL NS rinsed | 1 g ivTXA | RCT | 52 | 51.9 + 2.8 | 50.3 + 3.2 | 13/13 | 12/14 | 25.6 + 2.1 | 25.8 + 2.3 | High | IBL, postoperative drainage, blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, hematological parameters |
El-Sharkawi 2016 | Egypt | 2011–2014 | Spinal deformities | Sponges soaked with TXA | ivTXA | RCT | 60 | 17 + 4 | 34/49 | 49 + 6 | Unclear | IBL, complication | |||
Li 2020 | China | 2015.12-2019.12 | Lumbar fusion | 2 g TXA + 20 mL NS into injected in the incision | 15 mg/kg ivTXA | RCT | 140 | 65.61 + 4.81 | 66.67 + 3.27 | 25/45 | 24/46 | 22.24 + 2.78 | 23.95 + 3.25 | High | IBL, TBL, postoperative drainage, hemoglobin drop, transfusion rate, complication |
Mu 2019 | China | 2015.09-2017.08 | Lumbar degenerative disease | Sponge soaked 1 g TXA | 15 mg/kg ivTXA | RCT | 84 | 51.77 + 8.13 | 54.20 + 7.37 | 22/17 | 27/18 | 24.72 + 1.82 | 24.83 + 1.95 | Low | IBL, postoperative drainage, blood transfusion, time for drainage remove, HB, HCT, complication |
Wang 2019 | China | 2017.01- | Thoracolumbar fracture | 3 g TXA + NS rinsed | 15 mg/kg ivTXA | RCT | 122 | 45.72 + 9.96 | 45.43 + 8.18 | 37/24 | 34/27 | 21.37 + 2.17 | 21.26 + 2.26 | Low | TBL, HBL, IBL, HCT, complications |
Weissmann 2020 | USA | 2009–2016 | Spinal deformities | 6 g TXA + 3 L NS rinsed | 20 mg/kg ivTXA + continuous infusion of 1 mg/kg/h | Retrospective cohort | 60 | 14.7 + 3.71 | 14.59 + 2.07 | 7/16 | 4/33 | NA | NA | NOS (8) | IBL, TBL, postoperative drainage, transfusion rates, time for drainage remove, complication |