Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with postoperative delirium

N

272

34

Total bilirubin, mg/dl, median (range)

0.7 (0.2–2.1)

0.8 (0.4–1.3)

0.172

Albumin, g/dL, median (range)

4.3 (2.9–5.3)

4.2 (3.3–4.9)

0.637

Prothrombin time, %, median (range)

94.0 (28.0–130.0)

87.5 (20.0–118.0)

0.007

Tumor size, mm, median (range)

30.0(8.0–300.0)

35.0 (15.0–130.0)

0.066

Operation time (minute), median (range)

335.0(71.0–936.0)

348.5(167.0–747.0)

0.328

Age

0.009

 < 60

60 (22.1%)

1 (2.9%)

 ≥ 60

212 (77.9%)

33 (97.1%)

Sex

< 0.001

 Male

177 (65.1%)

33 (97.1%)

 Female

95 (34.9%)

1 (2.9%)

Alcohol

0.011

 No

242 (89.0%)

25 (73.5%)

 Yes

30 (11.0%)

9 (26.5%)

Viral status

0.028

 HBV

35 (12.9%)

1 (2.9%)

 HCV

33 (12.1%)

9 (26.5%)

 None

204 (75.0%)

24 (70.6%)

Cardiovascular disease

0.004

 No

152 (55.9%)

10 (29.4%)

 Yes

120 (44.1%)

24 (70.6%)

Respiratory disease

0.792

 No

244 (89.7%)

30 (88.2%)

 Yes

28 (10.3%)

4 (11.8%)

Diabetes mellitus

0.198

 No

204 (75.0%)

22 (64.7%)

 Yes

68 (25.0%)

12 (35.3%)

Cranial nerve disease

0.702

 No

251 (92.3%)

32 (94.1%)

 Yes

21 (7.7%)

2 (5.9%)

ASA class

0.011

 1

74 (27.2%)

3 (8.8%)

 2

166 (61.0%)

22 (64.7%)

 3

32 (11.8%)

9 (26.5%)

Ramelteon

0.018

 No

159 (58.5%)

27 (79.4%)

 Yes

113 (41.5%)

7 (20.6%)

Child-Pugh score

0.655

 5

246 (90.4%)

30 (88.2%)

 6

21 (7.7%)

3 (8.8%)

 7

5 (1.8%)

1 (2.9%)

Multiple tumors

0.492

 No

184 (67.6%)

21 (61.8%)

 Yes

88 (32.4%)

13 (38.2%)

Anatomical resection

0.571

 No

130 (47.8%)

18 (52.9%)

 Yes

142 (52.2%)

16 (47.1%)

Major hepatectomy

0.203

 No

235 (86.4%)

32 (94.1%)

 Yes

37 (13.6%)

2 (5.9%)

Laparoscopic approach

0.214

 No

162 (59.6%)

24 (70.6%)

 Yes

110 (40.4%)

10 (29.4%)

Blood loss (g)

0.058

 < 500

188 (69.1%)

18 (52.9%)

 ≥ 500

84 (30.9%)

16 (47.1%)

Blood transfusion

0.002

 No

243 (89.3%)

24 (70.6%)

 Yes

29 (10.7%)

10 (29.4%)