Fig. 3

A Simple scatter plot and its trend line of procedure time for laparoscopic-assisted single-port mediastinoscopic esophagectomy. B Jointpoint linear regression analysis of CUSUM values for procedure time: The 1st-91st, 91st-125th, and 125th-182nd procedures comprised the preliminary, transitional, and proficiency phases, respectively. The indicates that the slope is significantly different from zero at the alpha = 0.05 level