Table 3 Perioperative outcomes according to the learning curve phases
Outcomes | Total (n = 182) | Preliminary phase (1–91) | Transition phase (91–125) | Proficient phase (125–182) | Preliminary VS Transition (P-value) | Preliminary VS Proficient (P-value) | Transition VS Proficient (P-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Postoperative hospital stays, days Median [IQR] | 15 (12–22) | 15 (13–31) | 15 (13–25) | 13 (11–17) | > 0.99 | 0.006 | 0.043 |
ICU, n [%] | 22 [12.1] | 13 [14.3] | 5 [14.3] | 4 [6.9] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Complications, n [%] | |||||||
Vocal cord palsy | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | ||||
Type I | 40 [22] | 24 [26.4] | 5 [14.3] | 12 [19] | |||
Type II | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | |||
Type III | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | |||
Anastomotic leak | 26 [14.3] | 18 [19.8] | 5 [14.3] | 3 [5.2] | > 0.99 | 0.017 | 0.660 |
Type I | 4 [2.2] | 3 [3.3] | 1 [2.9] | 0 [0] | |||
Type II | 22 [12.1] | 15 [16.5] | 4 [11.4] | 3 [5.2] | |||
Type III | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | |||
Pneumonia | 20 [10.9] | 8 [8.8] | 6 [17.1] | 6 [10.3] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Cardiac | 10 [5.5] | 5 [5.5] | 1 [2.9] | 4 [6.9] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Urologic | 2 [1.1] | 1 [1.1] | 1 [2.9] | 0 [0] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Thromboembolic | 2 [1.1] | 0 [0] | 1 [2.9] | 1 [1.7] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
Chyle Leak | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | ||||
Type I | 2 [1.1] | 1 [1.1] | 0 [ 0] | 1 [1.7] | |||
Type II | 2 [1.1] | 1 [1.1] | 1 [2.9] | 0 [ 0] | |||
Type III | 1 [ 0.5] | 1 [1.1] | 0 [ 0] | 0 [ 0] | |||
Wound Infection | 6 [3.3] | 3 [3.3] | 1 [2.9] | 2 [3.4] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
RDH | 7 [3.8] | 5 [5.5] | 0 [0] | 2 [3.4] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |
In-hospital death | 1 [0.5] | 0 [0] | 1 [2.9] | 0 [0] | > 0.05 | > 0.05 | > 0.05 |