Table 4 Reasons for conversion to right-sided thoracotomy and secondary surgery during hospitalization

Preliminary phase

① Tracheal accident (Injury to the tracheal membrane)

② Technical difficulty (Dense adhesions at the left main bronchus)

③ Technical difficulty (Dense adhesions at the right main bronchial membrane)

① Tracheoesophageal fistula

② Acute abdominal wall dehiscence

③ Tracheoesophageal fistula

④ Tracheoesophageal fistula

⑤ Need for thoracic duct ligation

Transition phase

④ Tracheal accident (Injury to the tracheal membrane)

Proficient phase

⑥ Gastrostomy opening does not heal

⑦ Lateral neck wound dehiscence