Table 2 Summary of previous 34 case reports
Authors, Year | N | Gender, age, Side (M/F, y, R/L) | Injury mechanism | Associated injury | ACJ dislocation | MCF treatment | Follow-up | Complications | Results | Additional information | Study quality** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Treatment | |||||||||||
López Palacios et al. [13], 2021 | 1 | M, 41, L | Fall from a bicycle | None | IV | 2 suture anchors inserted into coracoid process | Locking plate | 2.5 years | Transient hypesthesia in surgical scar for 1 month after surgery | Asymptomatic Full ROM Constant-Murley score 97 | No hardware removal | 8 |
Prasetia et al. [14], 2017 | 1 | M, 32, R | Traffic accident | Multiple rib fractures Ipsilateral coracoid process fracture and SCJ dislocation | V | Semitendinosus tendon grafting Kirschner wires | One compression screw Locking plate | 0.5 years | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM ASES score 84 | Kirschner wire removed 3 weeks after surgery Surgery done 23 days after injury | 8 |
Kembhavi, et al. [16], 2015 | 1 | M, 38, R | Traffic accident | Ipsilateral scapular spine and acromion fracture | NS | Conservative | Locking plate | 7 months | Mild ACJ separation | Asymptomatic Full ROM Constant-Murley score 97 | None | 8 |
Gao et al. [17],2021 | 1 | M, 65, R | Traffic accident | Hemopneumothorax Multiple rib fractures | V | Endobutton Kirschner wires | Locking plate | 6 months | None | Asymptomatic Constant-Murley score rates 92 | None | 8 |
Fulton et al. [1], 2022 | 1 | M, 37, L | Fall from a bicycle | None | III | Knotless TightRope | Locking plate | 6 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | Ipsilateral ACJ dislocation found 6 weeks after clavicle fixation | 8 |
Cosic et al. [18], 2022 | 1 | M, 30, L | Fall from a bicycle | None | V | Hook plate Suture anchor | Lag screw Locking plate | 6 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM ASES score 90 | Hook plate removed 4 months after surgery | 8 |
Marjoram et al. [19], | 1 | M, 40, L | Fall from a motorcycle | None | V* | Hook plate | Locking plate | 8 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM Oxford Shoulder Score 45/48 | Clavicle fracture diagnosed during surgery Hook plate removed 4 months after surgery | 7 |
Shih et al. [20], 2023 | 1 | M, 60, L | Traffic accident | None | V | Knowles pin | Knowles pin | 1 year | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM Constant-Murley score 96 | ACJ dislocation diagnosed during surgery Implants removed 4 months after surgery | 8 |
Lee et al. [21], 2018 | 1 | M, 50, R | Fall from a 4-m ladder | Multiple rib fractures Hemopneumothorax | III | Conservative | Conservative | 10 months | Mild ACJ widening with slight pain Mild clavicle deformity | Constant-Murley score 83 | None | 8 |
Solooki et al. [22], 2014 | 1 | M, 40, L | Traffic accident | None | III | 2 CC screws | Locking plate | 1 year | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | None | 8 |
van de Voort et al. [23], 2022 | 1 | F, 55, R | Traffic accident | None | IV | TightRope Suture anchors | Locking plate | 6 months | None | DASH score 0 Full ROM | None | 8 |
Grossi et al. [24], 2013 | 1 | M, 19, R | Fall from a bicycle | None | VI | Steinmann’s pins | Conservative | 12 months | None | Excellent clinical and radiological results | Implants removed 7 weeks after surgery Intact CCL | 8 |
Schots et al. [25], 2020 | 2 | M, 43, R | Fall from a 2-m scaffold | None | IV | Hook plate Suture anchors Mesh | Locking plate | 5 months | ACJ osteoarthritis with ongoing pain | Full ROM | The plates removed 5 months after surgery Further lateral clavicle resection was performed | 8 |
M, 34, R | Fall from a bicycle | None | III | Hook plate Suture anchors Mesh | Locking plate | 7 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | Hook plate removed 7 months after surgery | 8 | ||
Sharma et al. [27], 2016 | 1 | M, 65, L | Traffic accident | Ipisilateral humerus and coracoid fracture | III | Kirschner wires and stainless steel wire in a figure-eight manner | Locking plate | 6 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM Constant-Murley score 92 | Implants removed 6 weeks after surgery | 8 |
Psarakis et al. [28], | 1 | M, 38, R | Traffic accident | None | V | TightRope | Locking plate | 18 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | None | 8 |
Park et al. [29], 2016 | 1 | M, 55, L | Fall from 7-feet height | Multiple rib fractures | III | Conservative | Locking plate | 15 months | ACJ osteoarthritis | Full ROM | None | 8 |
Yeh et al. [30], 2019 | 1 | F, 46, R | Fall from a horse | None | IV* | Semitendinosus tendon grafting | Locking plate | 1 year | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | None | 7 |
Davies et al. [31], 2014 | 1 | F, 40, R | Fall from stairs | Intermittent paraesthesia of the right hand Occasional transient blue or white discoloration of the right arm | VI | Conservative | Lag screw Locking plate Iliac crest autograft | 9 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | ACJ was spontaneously reduced after clavicle fixation | 8 |
Madi et al. [33], 2015 | 1 | M, 21, L | Traffic accident | Right humerus fracture Multiple thoracic transverse process fractures | IV | Arthroscopy Dog bone button Fibre tape | Locking plate | 13 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM Constant-Murley score 88 | None | 8 |
Mohammed et al. [2], 2016 | 1 | M, 33, L | Fall from a bicycle | None | IV | Synthetic CC sling augmented by a cortical screw | Locking plate Local bone graft | 22 months | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM ASES score 100 Constant-Murley 93 | ACJ injury missed initially Surgery 25 months after injury | 8 |
Juhn et al. [34], 2002 | 1 | M, 21, R | Struck the boards with shoulder | Transient tingling sensation in the right arm | VI | Conservative | Conservative | 10 months | Slight clavicle angulation and distal clavicle osteolysis | Asymptomatic Full ROM | None | 8 |
Dong et al. [35], 2016 | 1 | F, 42, L | Traffic accident | Hemopneumothorax Right clavicle fracture | IV* | Hook plate | Locking plate | 1 year | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | Bilateral midshaft clavicle fractures | 7 |
Sebesta et al. [36], 2014 | 1 | F, 46, R | Fall from a bicycle | None | IV* | Kirschner wires and stainless steel wire in a figure-eight manner | Locking plate | 1 year | Morning stiffness in the right shoulder | Full ROM | None | 7 |
Beytemür et al. [38], 2013 | 1 | M, 50, L | Traffic accident | First and second costa fracture | III | Hook plate | Low profile anatomic clavicle plate | 23 months | ACJ widening and degeneration | Asymptomatic Full ROM | The hook plate was not removed | 8 |
Heinz et al. [39], 1995 | 1 | M, 34, L | Fall from a bicycle | None | III* | Conservative | Conservative | 24 months | Deformity of the mid and distal clavicle Wide ACJ separation | ROM equal to the unaffected side | None | 7 |
Wijdicks et al. [40], 2013 | 2 | M, 44, R | Fall from a motocross bike | Multiple rib fractures Pneumothorax | III | Hook plate | Lag screws Superior locking plate Anterior reconstruction plate | 13 months | Mild ACJ separation | Full ROM DASH score 3.33 | Hook plate removed 4 months after surgery | 8 |
M, 36, L | All-Terrain Vehicle rollover | Right-sided acetabular fracture and scapulothoracic dissociation | IV | Hook plate | Locking plate | 6 months | None | Asymptomatic Nearly normal ROM DASH score 30 | Hook plate removed 6 months after surgery | 8 | ||
Wisniewski [41], 2004 | 1 | M, 32, L | Struck by a car | None | IV* | Kirschner wires | Conservative | 10 years | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | Stretched but intact CCL | 7 |
Sobhani Eragh et al. [42], 2020 | 1 | M, 29, L | Fall from a bicycle | None | IV | Endobutton | Anatomical clavicle plate | 1 year | Slight loss of ACJ reduction | Asymptomatic Full ROM | Started unauthorized sports activities too early | 8 |
Lancourt [43], 1990 | 1 | F, 19, L | Fall from a horse | None | V* | Steinmann’s pins | Conservative | 3 years | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | Steinmann’s pins removed 8 weeks after surgery | 7 |
Milchteim et al. [44], 2018 | 1 | M, 18, L | Fall from a motorcycle | None | VI* | Knowles pin | Knowles pin | 12 weeks | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM ASES score 95 | Fracture was spontaneously reduced after reducing ACJ | 7 |
Kakwani et al. [45], 2011 | 1 | M, 45, L | Traffic accident | None | IV* | Tightrope | Locking plate | 5 months | None | DASH score 11.7 Full ROM | None | 7 |
Woolf et al. [46], 2013 | 1 | NA | Traffic accident | NA | IV | ORIF Implants NA | ORIF Implants NA | NA | NA | Satisfactory patient-reported outcomes | Abstract available only | 4 |
Tidwell et al. [47], 2014 | 1 | M, 19, NA | NA | NA | IV | CC screw | Locking plate | 1 year | NA | Returned to manual labor and normal activities of daily living | Abstract available only CC screw was removed 3 months after surgery | 5 |
Wurtz et al. [48], 1992 | 4 | M, 36, L | Fall from a bicycle | NR | IV | CC screw | Conservative | 3 years | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | CC screw was removed 8 weeks after surgery | 7 |
M, 23, R | Traffic accident | NR | IV | CC screw | Osteoclasis Implants NA | 2 years | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | None | 6 | ||
F, 19, NR | Fall from a horse | NR | IV | Steinmann’s pins traversing ACJ | Conservative | 3 years | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | None | 6 | ||
F, 33, NR | Fall from a horse | NR | II | Conservative | Conservative | 1 year | None | Asymptomatic Full ROM | None | 6 | ||