Table 1 Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics of the patients with and without AKI

Frequency, %

59.20

40.80

Baseline characteristics

Age (years)

45.05 ± 10.82

48.19 ± 11.72

0.299

Female

12 (11.65)

8 (11.27)

0.938

BMI (kg/m²)

27.08 ± 17.71

25.17 ± 3.15

0.413

NYHA classification 1–2/3–4

100/3

69/2

0.320

Creatinine (mmol/L)

113.30 ± 96.62

94.83 ± 63.44

0.184

BNP (pg/L)

1276.96 ± 948.43

1094.06 ± 2496.73

0.645

Hemoglobin (g/L)

120.50 ± 25.65

126.71 ± 22.76

0.124

Preoperative medication, n (%)

 β-blockers

33 (32.04)

21 (29.58)

0.730

 CCB

37 (35.92)

26 (36.62)

0.925

 ACEI

28 (27.18)

19 (26.76)

0.951

Current smoker, n (%)

44(42.72)

38(52.05)

0.161

Hypertension, n (%)

77 (74.76)

47 (66.20)

0.220

Diabetes, n (%)

35 (33.98)

19 (26.76)

0.312

EF < 50%, n (%)

23 (22.33)

15 (21.13)

0.850

Intraoperative data

CPB time (min)

257.32 ± 63.23

293.41 ± 69.17

0.046^*

Cross-clamp time (min)

174.87 ± 44.54

177.68 ± 55.54

0.809

DHCA time (min)

32.67 ± 9.12

37.62 ± 8.44

0.037^*

Operation time (h)

7.33 ± 1.16

7.55 ± 1.35

0.447

ACP

 uACP, n (%)

88 (85.44)

62 (87.32)

0.723

 biACP, n (%)

15 (14.56)

9 (12.68)

0.723

Systemic perfusion

 Trans-femoral artery, n (%)

70(67.96)

47 (66.20)

0.807

 Right-side, n (%)

67(95.72)

46(97.69)

0.938

 Left-side, n (%)

3(4.28)

1(2.13)

0.938

 Trans-aorta, n (%)

6(5.83)

6 (8.45)

0.502

 Trans-axillary artery, n (%)

27(26.21)

18 (25.35)

0.899

Packed RBC transfusion (ml)

142.69 ± 258.88

212.50 ± 333.09

0.147

Plasma transfusion (ml)

414.29 ± 130.73

437.50 ± 69.44

0.648

Platelet transfusion (ml)

366.67 ± 109.13

365.63 ± 83.99

0.741

Lowest nasopharyngeal temperature (℃)

27.05 ± 2.24

26.09 ± 1.95

0.103

Lowest rectal temperature (℃)

28.67 ± 1.91

27.90 ± 1.96

0.161

Lowest hemoglobin (g/L)

80.54 ± 10.96

81.33 ± 10.90

0.792