Table 3 Impact of DP on blood glucose homeostasis in normoglycemic patients (n = 17)

BMI kg/m² (IQR)

23.4 (21.4–25.4)

22.3 (21.1–24.9)

23.5 (22.3–27.1)

< 0.07*

Fasting glucose mmol/L (IQR)

5.1 (4.87–5.35)

6.75 (5.78–7.55)

6.12 (5.18–9.59)

< 0.01*

Glucose (60 min) mmol/L (IQR)

7.36 (5.92–8.72)

5.27 (4.73–6.26)

8.55 (6.57–10.63)

< 0.001*

Glucose (120 min) mmol/L (IQR)

6.07 (5.39–8.49)

9.37 (8.15–10.83)

6.43 (5.97–8.35)

< 0.05*

HbA1c % (IQR)

5.3 (5.2–5.5)

7 (5.9–7.6)

7.2 (5.9–9)

< 0.01*

Insulin nmol/L (IQR)

0.07 (0.04–0.14)

0.04 (0.02–0.06)

0.06 (0.04–0.07)

< 0.001*

Insulin (60 min) nmol/L (IQR)

0.46 (0.27–0.75)

0.2 (0.12–0.35)

0.29 (0.19–0.46)

< 0.001*

Insulin (120 min) nmol/L (IQR)

0.2 (0.13–0.29)

0.3 (0.23–0.63)

0.29 (0.21–0.55)

0.09*

Proinsulin nmol/L (IQR)

1.6 (1–2.25)

1.6 (1–2.45)

7.1 (4–8)

0.12^#

Proinsulin (60 min) nmol/L (IQR)

5.3 (4.25–9.6)

5.3 (4–13.65)

7.1 (4.3–10.95)

0.29^#

Proinsulin (120 min) nmol/L (IQR)

11.6 (5.58–14.63)

7.05 (4.88–12.78)

7.4 (5.13–18.88)

0.08*

C-Peptide nmol/L (IQR)

0.62 (0.55–0.78)

0.54 (0.46–0.79)

0.59 (0.47–0.77)

0.14*

C-Peptide (60 min) nmol/L (IQR)

3.05 (2.28–3.78)

2.05 (1.68–2.58)

1.82 (1.48–2.61)

< 0.01*

C-Peptide (120 min) nmol/L (IQR)

1.98 (1.58–2.14)

1.95 (1.69–3.17)

2.45 (1.83–3.13)

0.13*

HOMA2-%B (IQR)

117.4 (101.1–135)

80.5 (54.3–102.1)

66.9 (49.7–102.1)

< 0.01^#

HOMA2-%S (IQR)

48.2 (33.4–66.9)

79.2 (48.7–95.6)

63.5 (49.8–86)

< 0.01*

HOMA2-IR (IQR)

2.07 (1.51–3)

1.26 (1.05–2.06)

1.57 (1.17–2.01)

0.03^#