Table 3 Comparison of VHI scores between the two groups (points, X ± s)
Score | Observation group(n = 53) | Control group (n = 53) | T value | P value | Mean Differences (Control - Observation Group) | Effect Sizes (Cohen’s d) | 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Mean Differences |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total score | 43.54 ± 6.61 | 57.02 ± 6.83 | 10.3249 | < 0.01 | 13.48 | 2.01 (large effect) | [10.89, 16.07] |
Function | 13.92 ± 4.52 | 17.98 ± 4.15 | 3.1097 | < 0.01 | 4.06 | 0.94 (moderate to large effect) | [2.39, 5.73] |
Physiology | 16.24 ± 3.68 | 20.31 ± 4.14 | 5.3429 | < 0.01 | 4.07 | 1.04 (large effect) | [2.56, 5.58] |
Emotion | 14.18 ± 4.35 | 17.66 ± 3.96 | 4.3068 | < 0.01 | 3.48 | 0.84 (moderate to large effect) | [1.88, 5.08] |