Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted associations between immediate successful obstetric fistula repair outcome and covariates
Crude (unadjusted) Odds Ratios UORs. (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratios AORs. (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
Age group | ||
< 20 | 0.79 (0.39, 1.60) | 0.69 (0.29, 1.60) |
20–34 | Ref | Ref |
≥ 35 | 0.57 (0.40, 0.81) | 0.68 (0.43, 1.07) |
Married | ||
Not married | Ref | Ref |
Married | 1.77 (1.24, 2.51) | 1.29 (0.85, 1.96) |
Unknown | 0.84 (0.49, 1.45) | 0.80 (0.41, 1.56) |
Parity level | ||
0 | Ref | Ref |
1–3 | 4.43 (1.22, 16.03) | 2.96 (0.50, 17.32) |
≥ 4 | 5.79 (1.58, 21.25) | 3.71 (0.59, 22.39) |
Province | ||
Central & Lusaka | Ref | Ref |
Copperbelt & North-Western | 1.70 (0.56, 5.18) | 2.56 (0.54, 11.99) |
Eastern | 0.98 (0.51, 1.84) | 0.57 (0.23, 1.44) |
Luapula | 0.51 (0.28, 0.91) | 0.52 (0.27, 1.02) |
Northern & Muchinga | 0.46 (0.27, 0.78) | 0.49 (0.27, 0.90) |
Southern & Western | 4.26 (0.55, 32.63) | 3.26 (0.29, 35.91) |
Unknown | 0.53 (0.19, 1.42) | 0.78 (0.27, 2.26) |
Fistula type | ||
Rectovaginal Fistula (RVF) or both (RVF + VVF) | Ref | Ref |
Vesicovaginal (VVF) | 0.24 (0.13, 0.45) | 2.14 (0.37, 12.31) |
Fistula classification | ||
Type I | Ref | Ref |
Type II A(a) | 1.11 (0.65, 1.91) | 1.15 (0.62, 2.13) |
Type II A(b) | 0.48 (0.23, 1.02) | 0.55 (0.23, 1.32) |
Type II B(a) | 0.53 (0.31, 0.89) | 0.58 (0.32, 1.06) |
Type II B(b) | 0.43 (0.22, 0.82) | 0.62 (0.27, 1.41) |
Type III | 1.63 (0.93, 2.87) | 0.87 (0.44, 1.73) |
Had previous fistula repair | ||
No | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 0.31 (0.21, 0.47) | 0.53 (0.32, 0.87) |
Years lived with fistula | ||
< 1 year | Ref | Ref |
1–5 years | 0.53 (0.30, 0.90) | 0.54 (0.29, 1.02) |
> 5 years | 0.43 (0.26, 0.71) | 0.58 (0.31, 1.09) |
Surgery type | ||
Other | Ref | Ref |
VVF repair | 0.15 (0.08, 0.29) | 0.22 (0.03, 1.36) |
Hospital of care | ||
Monze Mission & Chilenje Level 1 | Ref | Ref |
Kabwe Central & Solwezi General | 1.00 (0.21, 4.74) | 0.65 (0.08, 4.96) |
Northern region hospitals (Mansa, Mbala & Chilonga) | 0.34 (0.18, 0.65) | 0.91 (0.37, 2.25) |
St. Francis Mission | 0.65 (0.31, 1.37) | 1.33 (0.48, 3.67) |
Unknown | 0.20 (0.38, 1.11) | 0.32 (0.05, 1.79) |
Surgery difficulty | ||
Simple | Ref | Ref |
Intermediate | 0.22 (0.12, 0.41) | 0.36 (0.18, 0.70) |
Difficult | 0.60 (0.03, 0.11) | 0.10 (0.05, 0.21) |
Post-complication | ||
None | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 0.36 (0.18, 0.75) | 0.67 (0.30, 1.52) |