Fig. 2

A (case 1): A 71-year-old male patient underwent L4-L5 TLIF with a 1-year follow-up. Preoperative IFH, PDH, and ADH was 1.31 cm, 0.85 cm and 0.90 cm, respectively. At the 1-year follow-up, the IFH, PDH, and ADH was 1.87 cm, 0.76 cm and 1.11 cm, respectively, ISA increased from 6.4° to 7.2°. B (case 2): A 75-year-old female patient underwent L4-L5 two-stage OLIF with a 1-year follow-up. Preoperative IFH, PDH, and ADH was 1.62 cm, 0.58 cm and 0.90 cm, respectively. At the 1-year follow-up, the IFH, PDH, and ADH was 2.60 cm, 0.76 cm and 1.88 cm, respectively, ISA increased from 10.7° to 17.5°