Table 1 Patient characteristics and comorbidities of those developed and did not develop postoperative urinary retention after primary total knee arthroplasty

Age

71(64–77)

66(59–74)

< 0.0001

Age group

   ≤ 40

97(0.41%)

8,635(0.72%)

   41–50

629(2.68%)

69,279(5.75%)

   51–60

3,157(13.43%)

277,381(23.03%)

< 0.0001

   61–70

7,298(31.05%)

426,088(35.38%)

   ≥ 71

12,322(52.43%)

423,045(35.12%)

Gender (Female)

8,264(35.17%)

762,658(63.41%)

< 0.0001

BMI^b

   < 19

< 10(0.27%)

209(0.18%)

   19–24

30(1.36%)

1,066(0.94%)

   25–29

172(7.81%)

6,668(5.85%)

0.0005

   30–39

1,205(54.75%)

61,621(54.06%)

   ≥ 40

788(35.8%)

44,425(38.97%)

Race

   White

16,869(86.44%)

840,717(83.32%)

   Black

1,103(5.65%)

74,557(7.39%)

   Hispanic

808(4.14%)

53,830(5.34%)

< 0.0001

   Asian or Pacific Islander

235(1.2%)

12,648(1.25%)

   Native American

85(0.44%)

4,833(0.48%)

   Other

415(2.13%)

22,386(2.22%)

CCI^c

4(3–5)

4(3–4)

< 0.0001

ECI^d

0(-1-3)

0(-2-0)

< 0.0001

Region

   Northeast

4,073(17.33%)

197,331(16.37%)

   Midwest

8,054(34.27%)

329,064(27.31%)

< 0.0001

   South

8,040(34.21%)

443,948(36.84%)

   West

3,336(14.19%)

234,775(19.48%)

Comorbidities

   AIDS^e

< 10(0.03%)

212(0.02%)

0.3186

   Alcohol abuse

310(1.32%)

9,390(0.78%)

< 0.0001

   Deficiency anemia

4,095(17.42%)

153,258(12.72%)

< 0.0001

   ARTH^f

760(3.23%)

45,494(3.78%)

< 0.0001

   Chronical blood loss anemia

530(2.26%)

19,422(1.61%)

< 0.0001

   CHF^g

1,023(4.35%)

29,724(2.47%)

< 0.0001

   CPD^h

3,621(15.41%)

175,089(14.53%)

0.0002

   Coagulopathy

945(4.02%)

21,426(1.78%)

< 0.0001

   Depression

2,597(11.05%)

145,704(12.09%)

< 0.0001

   Diabetes

5,084(21.63%)

235,014(19.5%)

< 0.0001

   DMCXⁱ

706(3%)

19,393(1.61%)

< 0.0001

   Drug abuse

95(0.4%)

4,957(0.41%)

0.9064

   Hypertension

16,821(71.57%)

808,664(67.1%)

< 0.0001

   Hypothyroidism

3,159(13.44%)

183,588(15.23%)

< 0.0001

   Liver disease

229(0.97%)

9,949(0.83%)

0.0141

   Lymphoma

72(0.31%)

2,673(0.22%)

0.0081

   Fluid and electrolyte disorders

3,672(15.62%)

94,574(7.85%)

< 0.0001

   Metastatic cancer

30(0.13%)

863(0.07%)

0.0024

   Other neurological disorders

1,273(5.42%)

43,519(3.61%)

< 0.0001

   Obesity

4,231(18%)

246,901(20.49%)

< 0.0001

   Paralysis

130(0.55%)

3,046(0.25%)

< 0.0001

   PVD^j

765(3.25%)

22,908(1.9%)

< 0.0001

   Psychoses

617(2.63%)

22,975(1.91%)

< 0.0001

   Pulmonary circulation disorders

371(1.58%)

10,866(0.9%)

< 0.0001

   Renal failure

1,815(7.72%)

41,986(3.48%)

< 0.0001

   Solid tumor without metastasis

178(0.76%)

4,885(0.41%)

< 0.0001

   Peptic ulcer disease excluding bleeding

< 10(0.02%)

257(0.02%)

1

   Valvular disease

1,208(5.14%)

42,775(3.55%)

< 0.0001

   Weight loss

112(0.48%)

2,514(0.21%)

< 0.0001