Fig. 5

Forest plot of the included studies for Postoperative complications: (a) overall complications; (b) major complications; (c) pancreas fistula; (d) wound problem; (e) intra-abdominal abscess; (f) anastomotic leakage; (g) intestinal obstruction; (h) intra-abdominal bleeding; (i) operative mortality; (j) unplanned reoperation