Fig. 4

Decision curve analysis (DCA) for the nomogram for predicting atelectasis risk in the training set (A) and validation set (B). (A) DCA for the training cohort. (B) DCA for the validation cohort. The curves illustrate the net clinical benefit across various risk thresholds. The blue curve represents the net benefit of the nomogram, the “All” curve (grey) assumes that all patients develop atelectasis, and the “None” curve (black) assumes that none of the patients develop atelectasis. Explanation: for threshold probabilities ranging between 0.07 and 0.60, the nomogram (blue curve) provides greater net clinical benefit than the “All” and “None” strategies. These findings demonstrate the utility of the nomogram in guiding clinical decision-making and intervention strategies